Which of the following are signs of nutrient deficiency in crops?

Nutrient deficiency in crops often manifests through physical symptoms that indicate the plants are not receiving the necessary elements to grow healthily. Stunted growth and discoloration of leaves are classic signs of nutrient deficiencies. When a plant lacks essential nutrients, it can fail to thrive, resulting in shorter stature and development compared to well-nourished plants. Additionally, leaf discoloration can present as yellowing (chlorosis) or browning—both indicating that the plant is not acquiring sufficient nutrients, such as nitrogen or magnesium.

In contrast, other options depict characteristics of healthy or progressing plants. Uniform leaf color and high yield suggest that the plants are adequately nourished and growing well. Large fruit size and vigorous growth are also indicators of a plant thriving with the necessary nutrients. While a rapid increase in pest populations may suggest an underlying issue with plant health, it does not directly indicate a nutrient deficiency; pests are more likely to proliferate in stressed plants, but that condition isn't solely due to nutrient shortages. Therefore, stunted growth and discoloration of leaves are the most reliable signs of nutrient deficiency in crops.