How does prolonged low temperature at the soil surface affect crops?

Prolonged low temperatures at the soil surface can significantly impact crops, particularly during the critical periods of growth and development. One of the most serious consequences of sustained low temperatures is winterkill, which occurs when plants cannot withstand extreme cold conditions. This is particularly relevant for cool-season crops, as they may not be fully developed or hardened off when low temperatures persist.

Winterkill can lead to extensive damage or even total loss of the crop, as the freezing conditions can disrupt cellular processes, cause physical damage to plant tissues, and affect the overall physiological health of the plant. As certain crops are more vulnerable during specific growth stages, prolonged exposure to cold temperatures may incapacitate their ability to thrive or recover, leading to significant agricultural losses.

Understanding the effects of temperature on crops is crucial for managing crop health and yield. Thus, recognizing that low temperatures can result in winterkill helps growers take preventive measures, such as selecting cold-resistant varieties or implementing protective agricultural practices to mitigate the risks associated with harsh cold weather.